Descriptions and Examples for the POV-Ray Raytracer by Friedrich A. Lohmüller
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    3D Animation with POV-Ray
        Some Basics and Examples on 3D Animation.
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  3D Animation
> Index of Content
  0. Basic Knowledge
     1. Basic Example
     2. From Images to Video
     3. Basic Terms
     4. Animation Commands  
  I. Cyclic Animations
     1. Rotating Objects
     1.2. Planets in Orbit
     1.3. Clock Animation
     2. Rotating Camera
     3. Western Wheel
        Problem
     3.1. Rolling Wheels
     4. Gears
     4.1. Roller Chain
     4.2. Bike Chain
     5. Swinging Pendulum
     5.1. Newton's Cradle
     6. Spiral Pendulum
     7. Connecting Rods
     8. Psychedelic + Op-Art
     9. Conters + Countdowns
    10. Folding of a Cube
    11. Speed Up + Slow Down
    12. Fall + Bounce
  II. Animation Paths
      with Spline Curves
     1. Spline Curves
     2. Animation Paths
                                                       
 0.   Basics  How to start? What we should know about animations.
1. Basics on Animations with POV-Ray
Animations, animated gifs, avi video, mpeg video - how to do and a first example.
2. From a Serie of Animation Images in POV-Ray to a Video File
How to use Dave's Targa Animator (DTA) (free!) for converting a serie of single images to an avi video file.
Useful for a base to create an mpeg file with other video programs.
 frames, fps, bitrate, loop, ani gif, mpeg 3. Terms and Basic Knowledge
About frames, file sizes, image sizes, bit rates and compressions of animation files.
 clock, frame_number, ... 4. Animation Commands for ini files and scene files in POV-Ray
Commands of the ini files and values usable for the designing and control of Animations in scene files.

 I.   Cyclic Animations
 A very economic method for the animation of periodic and rythmic motions.
1. Rotating Objects   We get specially short animations for animated gifs (web applications), if we use the symmetric axes of objects.
1.2. Planets in Orbit
Cyclic Animation with Sun, Earth and Moon.
1.3. Clock Animation
Cyclic animation of the hands of a clockface.
2. Rotating Camera
The animated camera - we can animate camera location as well as the look_at point or angle of view!
3. The Western Wheel Problem   About the wheels rotating in the oposite direction - a problem of animations with rotating spoke wheels, gears or rotating propellers.
3.1 Rolling Wheels   How to roll a spoke wheel on a ground - without slipping or spinning.
4. Gears
Cyclic animation
4.1 Roller Chains for bikes, track chains for tanks and caterpillars, V-belts, conveyor belts and other engines
Cyclic animation
4.2 Bike Chains for motorcycles and bicycles with to alternating types of chain links.
Cyclic animation
5.0 Swinging Pendulum
Cyclic animation (uses the sine function)
5.1 Newton's Cradle, Newton's Pendulum Cyclic animation (uses the sine function)
6. Swinging Spiral Pendulum
Cyclic animation (uses the sine function)
7. Connecting Rods
Cyclic animation (uses the sine and cosine function)
8. Psychedelic - Op-Art
Cyclic animation with animated textures.
9. Counters with Numbers and with 7 segment display.
Cyclic animation with Numbers.
10. Folding a Cube.
Cyclic animation on how to fold a cube out of 6 squares.
11. Speed Up and Slow Down - with Useful Functions
Nonlinear movements in animations for realistic accelerations and retarding with basic functions.
12. Fall and Bounce - with Useful Functions
Nonlinear movements in animations for realistic falling and bouncing with basic functions.

 II.   Paths for Animations with Spline Curves
 An elegant method for "flybys" and "walkthroughs".
1. The Concept of the Spline Curves
Basics on spline curves, closed spline curves
2. Animations with Spline Curves
How to orientate objects along a spline curve.
The use of the Spline_Trans macro made by Rune S. Johansen.
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© Friedrich A. Lohmüller, 2011
email email: Friedrich.Lohmueller_at_t-online.de
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