Surface Design by "texture"

Syntax of "texture"

The statement: "finish {.....}"

This statement defines the surface brightness, the ambient light, the surface shining and the reflection of a texture. Refraction of light is defined by "interior {.....}".
The most important values are the following: (the values behind the statements are only a sample!)

ambient 0.15 This defines the brightness of a shape on the shadow side (On Intel computers: should be defined!) (default: ambient 0.1) (This simulates the brightness which is caused by indirect illumination of an object. - a concrete calculation of all light beams which hit an object indirectly is impossible! An approximation which results in very realistic effects is tried by the so called "radiosity" technique.) "ambient 1 diffuse 0" means that the according object is never shaded by any other object and that it is seen always in the whole brightness (good for blue skies!). diffuse 0.85 The part of the illumination which is contributed by direct light. (default: diffuse 0.6)
ambient color<0.25,0,0> This is a possibility to define the color of the ambient light. (This simulates colored indirect light)
phong 1.0 Produces highlights by phong method. phong_size 70 The size of phong highlights 1 =very dull; 40 = plastic; 250 = highly polished! specular highlights similar to phong
specular highlights similar to phong roughness highlight size with specular highlights 1 = very rough, large highlights; 0.05 (default) plastic; 0,0005 very smooth, no highlights.
reflection 0.15 The mirroring part of the reflected light.
metallic (without any value!) this allows with phong or specular to simulate metallic shining.
brilliance 4 Surface brightness, (default = 1) as higher this value as more metallic.
irid { 0.25 simulates iridescense = interferences at thin layers (films of oil etc.) 0.25 = part of reflected light      thickness 0.2 // of the layer      turbulence 0.7 }

See also the list "finish attributes"

Important: the default values are: "finish {ambient 0.1 diffuse 0.6 }". If using Intel compatible computers in this way the colors seem to be too dark. To avoid this ist highly recommended to increase this values with "finish {ambient 0.1 diffuse 0.9}".

texture{ pigment{color White} finish {ambient 0.1 diffuse 0.9 phong 1} } // end of texture Better we define these values at the begin of each scene file as default: #default{finish{ambient 0.1 diffuse 0.9}}

with ambient 0.1 diffuse 0.9

without ambient and diffuse

If we want a shape to become more sculptural but not brighter (less indirect light, harder contrasts, deeper shadows), then we should keep the sum of both ambient and diffuse constantly around 1.0. I.e. by: "finish {ambient 0.05 diffuse 0.95}" . Doing so we keep the brightness of directly illuminated parts of the shape constant! If ambient value + diffuse value + reflection value is greater than 1 the illumination seem to be unrealistic!
It is possible to get a color like "Red" = rgb< 1 , 0 ,  0 > brighter by increasing the values of "ambient" and "diffuse", but we should avoid this technique because it causes an unnatural proportion of the shadow parts to the direct illuminated parts. To produce "light red" it is better to increase the white component (= same rgb values!) of this color: i.e. by "rgb<1 ,0.5 ,0.5 >". Also we better get "dark red" i.e. by : rgb<0.5, 0,0>.